Nancy Glick

Reversing Progress on Obesity Care

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By Nancy Glick, Director of Food and Nutrition Policy

“One step forward, two steps back” describes situations where progress is hindered by setbacks. This accurately reflects the state of obesity care today. 

On the positive side, the disease that now affects more than 100 million adult Americans is finally getting recognition as a priority health issue. This is due to several important developments demonstrating the value of treating obesity as a serious chronic disease: 

There is widespread scientific consensus that obesity is a high-risk condition

Starting with the American Medical Association’s (AMA) action in 2013 to classify obesity as a serious chronic disease requiring treatment, numerous chronic diseases, obesity and nutrition organizations now agree that obesity is a distinct disease due to its complex biological mechanisms and its worsening effect on over 230 other chronic diseases. Based on this consensus, in 2024, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a proposed rule to establish treatment of obesity as a medically necessary service under Medicare and Medicaid, paving the way for covering weight loss drug under these programs in the future.

New therapeutic agents are revolutionizing obesity medicine

When the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonist to treat obesity in 2021, Americans learned that these injectable medicines could help people lose between 15 percent and 25 percent of their weight on average after one year. Thus, enthusiasm for GLP-1s has soared to levels rarely seen in medical practice. According to the findings of a 2024 survey of 3,000 adults commissioned by the professional services firm PWC, between 8 percent and 10 percent of US adults are currently taking GLP-1s. 

GLP-1 medicines are cost-effective 

In September, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) gave its highest cost-effectiveness rating to the widely prescribed weekly injectable GLP-1 weight loss drugs, semaglutide and tirzepatide, citing price reductions and studies showing cardiovascular benefits. Additionally, FDA recently approved the first generic version of an older GLP-1, liraglutide, which is injected daily. 

New research shows that treating obesity lowers overall healthcare costs

Because even a modest weight loss (a drop of 5-10 percent) produces significant health improvements when a person has overweight or obesity, studies are beginning to project the potential savings to the economy from covering obesity medications. One large study of privately insured adults and Medicare beneficiaries published December 5, 2024, in JAMA Network Open estimated an annual savings of $2,430 per person who achieved a 10 percent reduction in excess weight and a $5,444 reduction in health expenditures with a 25 percent weight loss.  

Reflecting these developments, coverage of GLP-1 drugs increased in 2023 and 2024, particularly among large employers. According to the firm Mercer, which conducts an annual National Survey of Employer-Sponsored Health Plans, coverage for GLP-1 drugs in 2024 rose to 44 percent of all large employers (those with 500 or more employees) and up to 64 percent of corporations with 20,000 or more employees.  

Additionally, the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) required Federal Employee Health Benefits (FEHB) carriers to cover at least one GLP-1 weight loss drug in 2024, and the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs (CHAMPVA) covered these medicines for chronic weight management. At the same time, several states provided some level of GLP-1 coverage for their employee health plans and 13 state Medicaid programs covered GLP-1 weight loss drugs as of August 2024.  

But, as the saying goes, that was then, and this is now. Due to dramatic cuts in federal and state budgets, the nation is shifting course with the inevitable result of moving backwards in delivering quality obesity care. While not the complete picture, the National Consumers League notes these troubling reversals:

  • In April 2025, the Trump Administration announced that Medicare will not cover anti-obesity medications, stating that the 2024 CMS proposal to cover GLP-1 weight loss drugs “is not appropriate at this time.” 

If obesity were cancer or heart disease, policymakers might think twice about not allowing access to cost-effective medications. Yet, the reality is that obesity is still not viewed as a serious disease. Thus, obesity remains largely undertreated in this country, due in part to payers, federal agencies, and state governments restricting or eliminating coverage for anti-obesity medicines that are changing the standard of care.  

Recognizing that people with obesity deserve the same level of attention and care as those with other chronic diseases, the National Consumers League partnered with the National Council on Aging (NCOA) and leading obesity specialists to develop and issue the first Obesity Bill of Rights for the nation on January 31, 2024. Specifically, the Obesity Bill of Rights defines quality obesity care as the right of all adults and establishes eight essential rights, including the right to coverage for the full range of treatment options, ensuring that Americans with obesity recieve the care specified in medical guidelines. 

To ensure Americans have these rights, NCL and obesity advocates are urging policymakers to adopt a long-term view about the importance of covering anti-obesity medications. Our message is simple: there may be short-term budget savings from restricting or eliminating coverage, but if obesity goes untreated among a large segment of the population, the nation will pay the costs in higher annual expenditures on obesity-related chronic diseases, disability, lost productivity, and premature deaths.  

Complicating matters, not having insurance coverage is what drives many consumers to go online and opt for ‘cheap, easy, and doctor-approved’ compounded GLP-1 products that may cause harm or could be fakes. According to the Food and Drug Administration, these products may contain incorrect dosages, the wrong ingredients, excessive or insufficient amounts of active ingredients, or possibly bacteria, all of which can lead to serious health consequences. Thus, while several medical organizations and state attorneys general have issued alerts to warn consumers, advocates agree that providing coverage for FDA-approved GLP-1 drugs is the best way to put a damper on this exploitative market.  

For all these reasons, NCL urges insurers and federal and state policymakers to consider the significant health and patient safety benefits, as well as the reduced medical expenditures from treating obesity, when weighing decisions about coverage.  

An Important Day for Safer Cars and Products

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By Sally Greenberg, NCL CEO

From left to right: Torine Creppy, Safe Kids Worldwide President; Janette Fennel, Kids and Car Safety President; Sally Greenberg; Brett Horn, Charlie’s House Founder

On a recent Sunday in October, I flew to Kansas City to celebrate the 30th Anniversary of Kids and Car Safety. The organization was formed by my friend and colleague, Janette Fennell, who dedicated her life’s work to preventing injury to children after she and her husband were kidnapped in their car. More on this story later, but it has a happy ending.

As a general matter, it’s often hard to celebrate advances in product and auto safety because they happen in the aftermath of injuries to children and adults from poorly designed products. 

Indeed, I began working with Janette in 2002 to address the danger of drivers backing over children, typically toddlers, who are too small to be seen behind cars with no camera, which cars didn’t have in 2002.  The first time I met Janette, she was hosting a press conference in suburban Washington, D.C. She had a speaker at the microphone who described the agony of backing over his grandchild. Hard to believe I hadn’t thought about this obvious hazard to children before. 

Back to Janette’s history. In 1996, she and her husband Greig were forced into their trunk one evening when returning from a party in San Francisco, their 9-month-old strapped in his car seat in the backseat.  The kidnappers thankfully kept the baby in his seat and placed him on the front lawn. He was unharmed. The robbers drove the couple to a remote location, demanded their ATM cards and PINS and cleaned out their accounts. She and Greig found a cable inside their Lexus that allowed them to pop open the trunk. 

Janette swore that if she got out alive, and thankfully she did, she would dedicate the remainder of her life to saving kids in and around cars.  

After this harrowing press event, I drove back downtown and on the way, decided Consumers Union, where I worked as product safety counsel at the time, should work with Kids and Cars to get a safety standard enabling drivers to see behind them as they backed up their vehicles. 

As of Model Year 2018, after a decade and a half of passing a law, then bringing a lawsuit against the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to get it implemented, (this included many families who had lost children coming to Washington and a concerted consumer advocacy campaign), every passenger motor vehicle is required to have a backup camera. 

Back to my story about sadness and product safety. While in Kansas City, I met up with child safety advocate, Brett Horn and toured Charlie’s House, the model home he built as a tribute to his 2 ½ year old son, who was crushed 20 years ago under a chest of drawers that toppled over on him. Over 400 kids have died in furniture tip overs. Thanks to Brett and other safety advocates the STURDY Act passed in 2022, requiring the Consumer Product Safety Commission to set mandatory safety standards for all dressers and similar products made or sold in the U.S.  

Every room in Charlie’s House – which is used to train parents and community members – has examples of hazards to children, such as lighters shaped as toys, colorful laundry pods, power tools, handguns with locks, refrigerators that lock shut,  and small batteries that can be swallowed and children can die from. Believe me, there are things you’ve never thought of that kids get into. We all need to be educated about those hazards and ensure every home is made as safe as possible for kids. 

 While at Charlie’s House, the CEO of Safe Kids Worldwide, Torine Creppy, arrived to tour the house and afterward we all headed out to Olathe, Kansas, for the Kids and Cars 30th Anniversary Celebration. As we enjoyed Kansas barbecue, Janette told her compelling story once again. To me the most rewarding part of the event was hearing these encouraging statistics: 

  • The number of children strangled by power windows has drastically decreased thanks to safer switches. Kids and Car Safety (KACS) is responsible for the passage of a law that mandated a regulation on all new vehicles manufactured on or after October 1, 2010, to have the safer ‘pull up to close/push down car window switches.  

In addition, many people are surprised to learn that hundreds of cars are stolen with children in the back seat every year. Cars are stolen from gas stations, convenience store parking lots, and even home driveways. Kids and Cars keep the data as no other group does, the first step to attacking the problem.  

Though the most well-known and beloved technology in cars today are those backup cameras – not only because they provide a critical measure of safety, but they also give drivers a vast view of what is behind them as they backup into parking spots, garages, parking ramps and around dangerous corners. If I had a dollar for every person who tells me how much they love their car cameras, I’d be rich!   

Don’t ever forget, the auto industry did not want to implement these safety changes, nor did the NHTSA, and both fought against them. But the advocates prevailed. And as with so many safety technologies, they provide a myriad of additional benefits. 

My day in Kansas City reminded me once again why I do this work. Saving lives of children first, and protecting the rest of us, will never get old. My hat is off to Brett Horn and Janette Fennell and Kids and Cars – who have set a high bar, refused to cave to industry or government resistance, and told their stories over and over again and invited others to tell theirs. Hats off to them and others who have dedicated their lives to making our lives safer and more rewarding.   

Guest Blog: A Life in the Shadows of North Carolina Fields

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By Yesenia Cuello

A former child farmworker and the daughter of immigrants reflects on her life and the current moment.

I was 14 the first time I worked in a tobacco field alongside my family.

We entered a field we couldn’t see the end of. We slit holes in black trash bags to wear over our clothes, keeping us dry from the dew. The spray from the tractors across the road made our noses itch and our eyes water. We ignored what we were told was “vitamins for the plants” being sprayed.

The tobacco stood taller than most of us, making it impossible to see between the rows as the sun caused the air to wave and the humidity to climb, heavy and suffocating.

When we finally stopped sweating, and the air felt cool against the back of our necks, even as our vision blurred, we assumed the worst had passed. We didn’t know then that our daily labor exposed us to the nicotine equivalent of a pack of cigarettes, chronic heat illness, and pesticide drift with lifelong health impacts.

We stayed together and took care of each other as we worked. The only thing we knew was that we needed the money.

Leading the nonprofit organization NC FIELD (North Carolina Focus on Increasing Education, Leadership & Dignity) was the first time I learned that what I experienced as a teenager was about food and labor justice. As part of NC FIELD’s leadership, I helped bring national attention to child labor, including advocating for the first federal minimum age for workers permitted to apply pesticides. We learned our words matter.

Advocating for the rights of those in our fields has become even more important over the years in North Carolina. Some who worked before us told us about breaks under shaded trees, cold lemonade, and the dignity of friendship with the farmer. Hard work was met with deep appreciation.

That’s not our story.

We were picked up by a van before sunrise. There were no scheduled breaks. We were yelled at to move faster or be fired. Water, if provided, was scarce or dirty; we were paid in envelopes of cash, and then we were transported back home. We didn’t know the farmer, and we knew not to ask their name.

We developed our own sense of belonging alongside those who embraced us. I remember a few local church ladies and teachers who showed kindness and took the time to understand us. They saw us, but to others, I was just labor — temporary, not part of their Southern heritage or the community.

Our invisibility isn’t accidental. It’s by design. The system bullies us into staying quiet, ignorant of the dangers of this work, and remain unseen in both life and death. Workers like us grew up with little access to healthcare through Medicaid, food assistance, or other safety nets. The assumption is that those resources are not for us or, by seeking that help, could endanger those we love.

During the pandemic, we were briefly called “essential.” Today, we’re labeled criminals, thieves of the American Dream. We pause before stepping outside our homes to attend church services or go to the grocery store.

And yet, the food supply still depends on the labor of thousands of migrant farmworkers in North Carolina. Eastern North Carolina drives our state’s place as one of the top 10 states in agricultural products sold, according to federal data.

I know what will happen if the immigrants who work North Carolina’s farms are taken away. If deportation forces continue to tear us from our communities, the impact will be catastrophic: crippling farms, driving up food prices, and destabilizing the food system that families across the nation depend on every single day. The consequences will ripple far beyond the fields, leaving damage that will be felt for generations.

We live with chronic stress, fear of robbery in migrant housing where it is illegal to lock doors, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids on farms and backcountry roads, at our children’s schools, and in our hospitals.

We go out, holding our documents in one hand and our child’s hand in the other, regardless of our legal status or citizenship.

That’s the reality of being a person of color and speaking Spanish in North Carolina today.

Who will keep farms thriving and stores supplied when thousands of us are gone? We remain essential regardless of the immigration system that facilitated our dehumanization. To deport farmworkers on a mass scale is to gamble with everyone’s food security.

This system may have been built on our silence, but our silence has not kept us safe. So, we are sharing our stories. We help make our state and the U.S. thrive. We will continue to work, hope and pray for the dignity of human existence.

Yesenia Cuello is a co-founder and the executive director of NC FIELD, a community-based organization that helps marginalized communities overcome barriers to resources. This column is syndicated by Beacon Media and is available to republish for free on all platforms under Beacon Media’s guidelines.

NCL’s Child Labor Coalition has worked in collaboration with NC FIELD for years.

Separating Fact from Fear About Tylenol Use in Pregnancy

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By Lisa Bercu, NCL’s Senior Director of Health Policy

I remember like it was yesterday when I found out I was pregnant with each of my kids, now seven and ten years old.  I felt a mix of joy, excitement, and worry all at once.  But more than anything, I felt protective, thinking about how to keep them safe and give them the best start in life. As President Obama remarked, “To have a child is to have your heart walking around outside your body,” which I think perfectly sums up the realities of being a parent.  

That’s why I was so concerned when President Trump made unsupported claims that acetaminophen (commonly known by the brand name Tylenol) may cause autism when used in pregnancy, and that young children shouldn’t take acetaminophen for “virtually any reason.”  Moms deserve clear, science-based information, and not fear or guilt.   We need to feel confident making decisions that protect our health and our children’s health.   

Here’s what we know so far: research has not proven that taking acetaminophen during pregnancy causes autism. Most of the studies that have looked at this question have not shown a clear cause-and-effect link. The two best studies we have so far, published in 2021 and 2024, give doctors and parents the most reliable evidence to date that acetaminophen is safe to use in pregnancy when needed.  

 What we also know is that autism doesn’t have a single cause and is due to many different factors, including genetics and environment. In addition, the rise in autism is due to increased awareness and the medical community better recognizing and diagnosing it.  

It’s also important to know that untreated illness in pregnancy can be dangerous.  Untreated fever, particularly in the first trimester, increases the risk of miscarriage, birth defects, and premature birth, and untreated pain can lead to maternal depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure.   

Medical experts, including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the American Academy of Pediatrics, have all reaffirmed that acetaminophen is safe when taken as needed, in moderation, and after consultation with a doctor.  In addition, leading autism organizations, including the Autism Science Foundation and Autism Speaks, agree that acetaminophen use in pregnancy has not been proven to cause autism.    

Pregnancy is not easy.  While President Trump implies that moms should just “tough it out” when they’re not feeling well, that’s not how real life works. Many of us are still trying to do it all while pregnant – working, managing households, and running after older kids. Illness doesn’t politely wait until after delivery and ignoring it isn’t always safe.  

Women need options to treat pain and fever during pregnancy.  Unlike ibuprofen, which carries known risks later in pregnancy, acetaminophen has been trusted for decades as the best over-the-counter choice for managing fever or pain while pregnant.    

If you have any concerns about taking medications during pregnancy, it’s always a good idea to talk with your doctor. You can also check out MotherToBaby.org, which has reliable, evidence-based information on medications like acetaminophen, and you can even call or chat with trained specialists to get answers to your specific questions.                                   

At the end of the day, we all want the same thing: healthy moms and healthy kids. The best way to get there is to rely on up-to-date and high-quality evidence and to have open conversations with your doctors.  

Frances Perkins Is Rolling in Her Grave: Today’s Child Labor Rollbacks Are a National Shame

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By Sally Greenberg, NCL CEO

America once swore we would never go back. Never again would children be robbed of their childhoods—or their lives—in sweatshops, factories, and slaughterhouses. That promise was won through the relentless efforts of Florence Kelley and Frances Perkins, pioneering leaders of the National Consumers League.

Kelley’s crusade began in childhood, when her father, a Pennsylvania Congressman, took her into steel and glass factories where she saw children her own age toiling under dangerous conditions. That early exposure fueled her career as a factory inspector, documenting abuses, and pushing for laws to ban factory work for children under 14.

Perkins shot into the political limelight in March 1911 in the wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist fire, which tore through a high-rise industrial building in Greenwich Village, killing 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women, some only 14 years old. The doors were locked to prevent theft. Perkins was working for the National Consumers League, and was visiting a friend nearby when the fire erupted and became an eyewitness to the disaster. She dedicated her life to ensuring children never again died—or lost their childhood—in pursuit of profit.

Years later, as Secretary of Labor (1933-1945) under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Perkins helped structure the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, which banned most child labor and enshrined worker protections built on compassion and common sense.

Fast forward to 2025—and we’re tearing their legacies apart. Legislative efforts in Florida, Iowa, and Ohio in 2025 attempted to loosen child labor standards in opposition to the federal Fair Labor Standards Act. The media has been reporting for years about the widespread abuses in meatpacking, roofing, and manufacturing—jobs once legally off-limits to the youngest workers who are now given the “opportunity” to risk life and limb for their employers.

In Florida, lawmakers tried to gut protections for teens: bills like HB 1225 and SB 918, would allow 16- and 17-year-olds to work unlimited hours and days without meal or rest breaks—even during school—and open the door for 13-year-olds to work in summer months. The Governor’s office drafted the legislation and talking points for sponsors, revealing a coordinated effort to exploit child workers.

In 2023, Iowa openly defied the Fair Labor Standards Act, as legislators loosened limits on hazardous work, weakening work-permit requirements for 16- and 17-year-olds, in direct conflict with FLSA rules.

In Ohio, Republicans reintroduced legislation to allow 14- and 15-year-olds to work longer hours during the school year, in direct conflict with FLSA protections.

These aren’t just local outrages; they echo a national effort to rollback child labor protections. According to the Economic Policy Institute, since 2021, at least 28 states have introduced legislation to weaken child labor laws, and 17 have passed them. From 2015 to 2022, the number of minors employed in violation of child labor laws increased by 283% and the number of minors employed in violation of hazardous occupation orders increased by 94%.

Let’s be honest: this isn’t about kids receiving work experience. It’s about cheap labor replacing the immigrant labor we are losing, or so says Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida. Allowing minors to work longer hours—sometimes overnight, in dangerous jobs—diminishes their education, endangers their safety, and undermines their future earnings. It’s a race to the bottom, sanctioned by lawmakers, cheered on by corporations driving profits, and in some cases cloaked in deception as apprenticeships or workplace training at less than minimum wage.

Back on that clear Spring day in 1911, Frances Perkins watched in horror as young girls leapt from the burning Triangle Shirtwaist factory. She vowed never again—and built laws that put children’s safety above profit. But today, lawmakers are dragging us backward, gutting protections and treating children as disposable labor to feed corporate bottom lines. This Labor Day, we say no. No rollbacks. No to profiteers. No to products being produced with child labor. And, no to a United States where children are once again sacrificed for profit.

Guest Blog: What Protections Generation Z Needs from Artificial Intelligence

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By Logan Baker, Communications Summer Intern

Artificial intelligence is not on the way; it’s already here. It’s recommending your next playlist, filtering your job applications, deciding what shows up on your feed, and even answering your Google search. As AI gets smarter, faster, and more prominent in our lives, it raises the question: What is protecting my generation, Generation Z, from AI? 

Gen Z is the first to grow up with AI incorporated into our everyday lives. It is beginning to shape how we think, how we learn, and how we see the world. While AI has created exciting possibilities, it also brings serious risks we cannot afford to ignore. 

One of my biggest concerns is how AI affects our mental health. The algorithms behind our favorite apps are designed to maximize engagement, not our well-being. AI pushes content that keeps us scrolling, even if it feeds anxiety and depression. This generation needs protection from those systems and companies need limits on how they can target young users and how often. 

Privacy is another huge issue. Every time we interact with AI, we are asked to give up our personal data. That data is not forgotten; it is stored, analyzed, and used to train more algorithms. We are all guilty of opting into data collection without truly understanding what we’re agreeing to. Gen Z, like all consumers, needs clearer privacy policies as well as the ability to opt out of privacy agreements without losing complete access. Additionally, stronger laws are needed to protect sensitive information like location and facial recognition data. 

Although misinformation has been a growing threat, AI makes it easier than ever to generate fake news and content that looks real but isn’t. This is especially dangerous in a world where 54% of U.S. adults get their news from social media. Platforms (especially social media) should be required to label AI-generated content clearly so that Gen Z has the tools to spot AI-generated content. Such protections would help people feel more comfortable navigating social media and would reduce the fear of falling for harmful AI-generated content. 

It is no secret that AI has the power to do incredible good, but with great power comes great responsibility. Me and my fellow members of Gen Z should not have to sacrifice our mental health or privacy for to power the AI revolution. To continue thriving in this brave new world, protections need to be put in place to help us co-exist with AI without companies using it to take advantage of us.

Guest Blog: Modernizing Government or Undermining Worker Protections? A Closer Look at the Secretary of Labor’s Agenda

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By Alyssa Bredefeld, NCL Child Labor Intern

The U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce held a hearing on Wednesday, June 6th, where Secretary of Labor Lori Chavez-DeRemer was questioned. The hearing focused on what Committee Chairman Tim Walberg (R-Mich.) described as the “Trump administration’s plans for a smaller and more effective government for taxpayers”—a statement that reflects the administration’s “slash and burn” ideology, set in place by the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). This department rapidly dismantled vital policy and aid programs in the name of streamlining. Unsurprisingly, the hearing was riddled with empty promises and evasive answers that signaled a lack of commitment to stopping child labor and the exploitation of American workers. The Secretary’s responses foreshadowed diminished protections for American workers and an increase in the number of children working in unsafe conditions.

One of the most urgent concerns was the proposed budget cuts to the Department of Labor’s Wage and Hour Division, which investigates labor violations and enforces labor laws. Representative Lucy McBath (D-Ga.) highlighted the current severe staffing shortages, noting that the division went from went from 1,000 staff in 1948 to 611 by the end of the Biden administration—despite our workforce being much larger. She added that “investigators in a dozen states told The New York Times that their understaffed offices could barely respond to the number of complaints, much less open their own independent investigations.” With the Trump administration shuttering many state Wage and Hour offices and pressuring federal employees to retire or accept buy outs, that number of 611 inspectors could continue to drop quickly and significantly.

Chavez-DeRemer’s response to questioning did little to alleviate concerns. “If you say that more money will always solve the problem, I would probably have to disagree,” stated Chavez-DeRemer, returning to the message of “modernizing and streamlining” the government promoted by DOGE. Chavez-DeRemer refused to answer whether the number of investigations into child labor would decrease, stating only, “I will do everything in my effort to protect against child labor.”

While her promise to protect against child labor may sound reassuring, it means little without policy and action. As Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) put it, “the math isn’t mathing.” Without adequate staffing, investigations can’t proceed, allowing wage theft, misclassification, and dangerous conditions to continue unchecked. According to UNICEF, the United States saw an 88% increase in child labor violations between 2018 and 2023. Addressing these numbers before they worsen is critical to protecting the future of the American workforce. The Secretary of Labor’s inability to answer basic questions about investigative staffing signals an unwillingness to put children first and ensure protection for the most vulnerable. This hearing made it abundantly clear that Chavez-DeRemer’s loyalty lies with the Trump administration, not with American workers or children.

Click to access UNICEF_USA_ChildLaborReport.pdf

Alyssa Bredefeld is a senior at the University of Connecticut studying Human Rights and Allied Health Sciences.

Guest Blog: Reparations Aren’t a Fad. They’re a Bill That’s Still Due

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By Michele Miller

This opinion previously ran June 5, 2025 in The Afro-The Black Media Authority.  

Last week, a Wall Street Journal columnist dismissed reparations as “yesterday’s fad,” praising Maryland Governor Wes Moore for vetoing a bill that would have created a state commission to study them.

Reparations are not a trend that’s passed. They are a moral and material debt — centuries old, still unpaid. To call them “yesterday’s fad” isn’t just wrong. It’s offensive. And it follows a long American tradition: declaring the fight for justice over before it has even begun.

What’s been a fad in American politics isn’t reparations — it’s invoking justice when it’s convenient, then backing away when it requires courage. With all due respect to Governor Moore, that is the real trend. That is the real exhaustion. People are tired of waiting while leaders perform empathy but veto action.

The notion that reparations have been “studied to exhaustion” is misleading — and, frankly, a convenient excuse to avoid responsibility. H.R. 40, the bill that would simply study reparations, has been introduced in Congress for more than 30 years. It has never passed. Research doesn’t settle a debt. Payment does.

For more than 250 years, American law, policy, and commerce upheld the enslavement of Black people. Leaders permitted it. Courts defended it. Churches justified it. Families profited from it. Human beings were bought and sold. Raped. Bred. Whipped. Worked to death. Children were taken from mothers. Black people were insured as property, taxed as assets, and traded like capital.

That labor generated immense and enduring wealth. It built industries. It funded institutions. It powered a nation. And the Black people whose lives and labor made that possible received nothing in return — only more exclusion.

Not at emancipation. Not during Reconstruction. Not in the New Deal. Not now.

And the damage didn’t end with slavery. It evolved. Black Americans endured convict leasing, lynching, Jim Crow, redlining, school segregation, medical experimentation, mass incarceration. Families were torn apart not just by violence, but by policy. That harm wasn’t buried in the past. It lives in maternal mortality rates, in childhood poverty, in housing discrimination, in the criminal legal system. It lives in the wealth gap that never closes.

Reparations are not symbolic. They are a material response to material theft. They address not only what was taken, but what was broken — and what still has not been repaired.

And yet, even now — even with all of this in plain view — we see leaders stepping back. Governor Wes Moore, the nation’s only Black governor, defended his veto of Maryland’s reparations commission by saying it’s time to “focus on the work itself.” But vetoing a study commission is not doing the work — it’s deferring it. Dr. David J. Johns, CEO of the National Black Justice Coalition, called the move “a painful rejection of the very communities that helped make his historic election possible.”

In a single Wall Street Journal opinion column, Jason Riley managed to dismiss reparations as “racial pandering,” reduce them to “yesterday’s fad,” and accuse advocates of trying to “redistribute wealth.” Mr. Riley was wrong on all three counts.

Reparations are not pandering. They are not some trendy appeal to Black voters. They are a serious moral and economic response to state-sanctioned theft. If anything is pandering, it’s the performance of justice at ribbon cuttings while blocking actual repair.

Reparations are not a fad. A movement that spans generations, from the Freedmen’s Bureau to H.R. 40, cannot be dismissed because today’s political leaders lack the courage to carry it forward. If support has waned, it’s not because the moral claim has weakened. It’s because too many in power are hoping it will.

And reparations are not wealth redistribution. What do they think slavery was? Slavery was wealth redistribution — by force. It transferred land, labor, capital, and generational security from Black families to white ones. Reparations don’t take what’s not owed. They return what was never paid.

Another favorite deflection: point to cities like Chicago and ask why inequality still exists under Black leadership. It’s a lazy, cruel argument — one that pretends centuries of disinvestment can be reversed by representation alone. Reparations aren’t about instant transformation. They’re about redressing harm and rebuilding what was systematically denied.

In my town of Amherst, Massachusetts, we did something rare. In 2021, we made a financial commitment — two million dollars for Black residents — before we had a final plan, a full public process, or even full consensus. We understood something most communities still avoid: reparations without money isn’t repair. It’s performance.

We knew two million dollars wouldn’t right centuries of injustice. No local effort can match the scale of a national debt. But we didn’t let that fact paralyze us. We did what was within our power. And that early commitment made everything else possible. Today, Amherst has completed a public process, delivered a set of recommendations, and kept the full $2 million intact — waiting for implementation.

Amherst and Evanston aren’t exceptions — they’re signs that the moral arc of history is bending, slowly but deliberately, toward justice.

And they are not alone. Across the country, states, cities, universities, and even churches are examining their own roles in slavery and taking concrete steps toward repair. Just last year, Loyola University in Maryland released a report on its historical ties to slavery — part of the quiet, steady work of reckoning happening across institutions.

These efforts don’t pretend to close the wealth gap on their own. The scale of national harm demands a federal response. But local and institutional action is not a distraction from that goal — it’s how justice advances in the real world. It’s the necessary groundwork for a broader reckoning. It is not a fad. It is a movement.

The political window for reparations may be narrowing. But local governments still have power. Universities still have power. States still have power. They can act. They can lead. They can pay.

This is the work.

Michele Miller is a former Town Councilor representing District 1 in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Nancy Glick

World Food Safety Day 2025 is a call to action

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By Nancy Glick, Director of Food and Nutrition Policy

Most Americans know about Earth Day and World AIDS Day. But World Food Safety Day, an observance established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and celebrated around the world on June 7, largely goes unnoticed in the U.S.  

This is why the National Consumers League is flagging June 7 as a day when consumers should stop and think about the importance of preventing foodborne illnesses. Each year, this collection of diseases sickens an estimated 48 million people in the U.S., resulting in 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths, according to the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The toll in costs to the nation is as much as $90 billion annually in medical expenditures, lost productivity, and premature deaths.  

Foodborne illness is not a new problem. Since NCL’s founding in 1899, the organization has been fighting to protect Americans from exposure to the harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemical substances in food that cause foodborne illness. We helped expose the unsanitary practices of the meat-packing industry, which led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, laying a foundation for the nation’s first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We also championed the passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 (FMIA), a landmark law aimed at guaranteeing meat is slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions and ensuring adulterated or misbranded meat and meat products are not sold in interstate and foreign commerce.  

After these successes, NCL focused on pesticide residues in food, putting pressure on lawmakers to protect consumers from impure, improperly labeled products by passing the first pesticide legislation in 1910. We next fought to establish the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and to enact the Food Quality Protection Act in 1996, which set stricter safety standards for pesticide residue levels in food.  

Then came the infamous 1993 foodborne illness outbreak when people ate undercooked hamburgers at Jack-in-the-Box restaurants in Washington state, Idaho, California, and Nevada. The hamburger meat was contaminated with E. coli O157: H7 bacteria, a potentially deadly strain, and the pathogen severely sickened approximately 700 people, caused 171 hospitalizations, and killed four young children.  

This tragedy propelled NCL and other consumer and food safety organizations to fight to transform meat and poultry inspection and many things changed.
E. coli O157: H7 was declared an adulterant in raw ground beef, triggering a mandatory testing program for the organism in federally inspected plants and retail stores. The FDA issued rules requiring that the food industry follow a food safety management system called Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards throughout the food production process, from raw materials to the finished product.  

Later, with the passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act in 2010, the FDA ushered in a series of food safety regulations and new systems, such as the proficiency testing program that integrates the FDA’s Food Emergency Response Network (FERN), the nation’s food laboratories at the local, state, and federal level that collectively test food for pathogens and contaminants to prevent foodborne illness. Similarly, the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) published a proposed rule to require poultry producers to use new technologies for early detection of foodborne pathogens to keep Salmonella-contaminated chicken carcasses and poultry parts from entering the market. 

But, even with these developments, the nation is not where it should be to keep the food supply safe. In late 2024, an E. coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to romaine lettuce sickened 89 people across 15 U.S. states, resulting in 36 hospitalizations and one death. The FDA investigated the outbreak and traced it to romaine lettuce, but the agency chose not to publicly announce the outbreak, which food safety advocates believe was a failure to protect the public.  

And now, the Trump administration is taking steps that could seriously roll back food safety protections. Among the actions, the administration has laid off scientists at food safety labs and eliminated two important food safety committees comprising top scientists and researchers with expertise on regulatory standards. Additionally, the administration delayed a requirement that food companies and grocers rapidly trace contaminated food through the supply chain and pull it off the shelves. Sadly, the administration also withdrew the USDA proposed rule to reduce Salmonella risk in poultry.  

Officials at the Department of Health and Human Services have issued statements proclaiming food safety as a priority concern. But, unless there is a strong, coordinated, and comprehensive food safety system in the U.S., there will be declining public confidence in the food supply. More significantly, we are likely to witness an increase in outbreaks and illnesses that could have been prevented.  

This is not a time to hope for the best. Foodborne pathogens are widespread, and they can kill. Accordingly, NCL and many concerned consumer and food safety organizations will continue to speak out about putting the safety of the public ahead of deregulation and federal cost-cutting.  

Guest Blog: Trump’s war on the CPSC is the most dangerous yet

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By Robert Adler and R. David Pittle, Ph.D.

If you think that President Trump’s legally dubious war on regulatory agencies like EEOC, NLRB, and FTC is outrageous, be prepared to recognize the tiny Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as the hands-down winner for most savaged regulatory agency in this administration.

CPSC is the federal body whose sole mission is to reduce the estimated 49,000 deaths and 28 million medically treated injuries from using consumer products; these losses cost the country $1 trillion annually.

Not only has Trump just illegally fired the Democratic commissioners – and only the Democrats – at CPSC, he has also, according to a leaked OMB budget document, coupled this action with a proposed dismantling of the agency. If he gets his way, he will send CPSC’s substantially reduced staff and diminished authority into the bowels of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) never to be seen again.

This situation is so dire for consumers because unlike the independent agencies where Trump has fired commissioners but left their basic structures intact, his demolition of CPSC will prevent the agency from doing its core work or ever reconstituting itself. Once it has been torn apart, entombed in HHS, and its already minuscule budget skeletonized, the odds of restoring CPSC’s ability to function effectively to protect consumers will be virtually nil. The consequences for consumers will be increased deaths and injuries.

To say the least, parents throughout the country should be alarmed. For the past fifty years, CPSC has been the one agency most dedicated to protecting children from dangerous products. Worst of all, many of these hazards are not obvious to the naked or untrained eye.

Parents should particularly worry because not only is it likely that the new emasculated HHS safety division’s existing standards will be weakened but also future safety rules to protect their children will simply not be written. Behind the scenes, it will take only a wink-and-a-nod from the political idealogues overseeing the new division to stop safety actions in their tracks. And such inaction will go unnoticed given its newly imposed invisibility.

What makes CPSC so valuable to consumers and especially parents is its focus on hidden hazards, i.e., those risks to children that the most safety-conscious parents would not discover even after carefully inspecting a crib or a toy they’re about to purchase. For instance, determining whether a crib’s slats are too far apart—permitting a child’s body but not their head to slip through the slats too often resulting in the child’s strangulation – is not obvious. Nor can careful inspection reveal whether a doll has excessive amounts of toxic lead or contains small parts that could easily break free and choke a child.

CPSC can uncover these hazards because it meticulously and relentlessly surveys the market for injuries, illness, and deaths associated with consumer products. Once it has determined that a hazard needs to be addressed, CPSC can quickly mobilize manufacturers, consumers, voluntary standards groups, retailers, product designers, and the media to attack the problem.

Unfortunately, no one has yet found a way to eliminate products with design defects and manufacturing errors from creeping into the marketplace. The press of fierce competition has shown over the years that such mistakes are inevitable, and consumers pay a painful price. An effective CPSC to find and correct these mistakes is an essential guardrail for consumers.

One might ask why it’s so important that CPSC remain as an independent, highly visible agency. As former CPSC Commissioners who have worked at, monitored, and written about the agency for the past fifty years, we believe the answer is unambiguous: To be effective in protecting consumers from serous safety hazards, the agency needs to be free of improper control from political and commercial interests – concerns that led Congress in 1972 specifically to reject placing CPSC within what was then known as Health, Education & Welfare (HEW). And, it must have the ability to take swift action that gets the public’s attention without going through endless, time-consuming levels of review.

In short, were CPSC to be subsumed in a monolith like HHS and stripped of its independence and visibility, the likelihood of timely and effective safety action would be seriously compromised.

Consumers have benefited greatly from CPSC’s actions. Since the agency opened its doors in 1973, it has reduced the number of crib deaths by nearly 80 percent, childhood poisonings by over 80 percent, injuries from fire by 41 percent, injuries from baby walkers by almost 90 percent, and virtually eliminated childhood suffocations from playing in abandoned refrigerators. The complete list goes on and on, but the fact remains that CPSC provides one of the biggest bangs for the buck in government.

Product safety is not a political issue. The battle against human losses from unreasonably dangerous products must go on without political interference. To do otherwise would be a major injustice against consumers and their families, prompting us to recall Reinhold Niebuhr’s famous observation:

“Man’s capacity for justice makes democracy possible, but man’s inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary.”